%0 Journal Article
%A Holt-Lunstad, Julianne
%A Smith, Timothy B.
%A Baker, Mark
%A Harris, Tyler
%A Stephenson, David
%D 2015
%T Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
%J Perspectives on Psychological Science
%V 10
%N 2
%P 227-237
%R 10.1177/1745691614568352
%U https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
%K loneliness
%K social isolation
%K mortality
%K meta-analysis
%K read
%K core evidence
%X Meta-analysis of mortality associations for loneliness, social isolation and living alone.
%Z Use for: pooled mortality evidence. Limit: the included observational studies support association, not proof of causation.

%0 Book
%A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,
%D 2020
%T Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System
%C Washington, DC
%I National Academies Press
%@ 9780309671002
%R 10.17226/25663
%U https://doi.org/10.17226/25663
%K older adults
%K loneliness
%K social isolation
%K definitions
%K consensus report
%K read
%X Consensus report on definitions, health evidence and health-system responses for adults aged 50 and older.
%Z Use for: the distinction between objective social isolation and subjective loneliness. Check that the corporate author imports as one name.

%0 Journal Article
%A Steptoe, Andrew
%A Shankar, Aparna
%A Demakakos, Panayotes
%A Wardle, Jane
%D 2013
%T Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women
%J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
%V 110
%N 15
%P 5797-5801
%R 10.1073/pnas.1219686110
%U https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219686110
%K older adults
%K social isolation
%K loneliness
%K mortality
%K cohort study
%K read
%X English Longitudinal Study of Ageing analysis of social isolation, loneliness and all-cause mortality.
%Z Use for: showing how adjustment changes interpretation. Social isolation remained associated after full adjustment; loneliness did not.

%0 Journal Article
%A Valtorta, Nicole K.
%A Kanaan, Mona
%A Gilbody, Simon
%A Ronzi, Sara
%A Hanratty, Barbara
%D 2016
%T Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies
%J Heart
%V 102
%N 13
%P 1009-1016
%R 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790
%U https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790
%K loneliness
%K social isolation
%K cardiovascular disease
%K stroke
%K systematic review
%K read
%K core evidence
%X Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal evidence on social relationships, coronary heart disease and stroke.
%Z Use for: cardiovascular evidence. Report the pooled estimates as associations and keep the confidence intervals with the percentages in analytical work.